Composition shingle construction



April 14; 1931. I H. E. PFAFF ETAL l1,800,403

GOMPOSITON SHINGLE CONSTRUCTION Filed guna v12, 1929 2 sheets-sheet 1 o .u o n n o'Io el; u o o a 4 FIE. UI

April 14, 1931. H. E. PFAFF ET AL COMPOSITION SHINGLE CONSTRUCTION Filed June 12, 192.9 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR Harrg E. Pfaff George E Bar'nhart Y by heir a t tcrneg `ses Patented Apr. 14, '1931 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE HARRY E. PFAFF, 0F WARREN, AND GERGE E. BARNHART, 0F NEW BRIGHTON, f i PENNSYLVANIA COMPOSITION SHINGLE CONSTRUCTION Application led .Tune 12, 1929. .v Serial No. 370,224.

This invention relates to a shingle construction, and consists in improvements in the body formation of the shingles which will permit their manufacture from a suitable cementitious composition, and which forni (when used in combination with others) close joints, and aiord air spaces between the shingles and the siding board or other backing to which they are applied.

In the accompanying drawings Figure I is a front elevation, showing the shingle construction of the present invention applied to the wall cfa building; Figure II shows in front and end elevation one of l-thespecial shingles used alongthe upper edge 'of the shingle construction; Figure III shows in front and endl elevation one of thelmain or typical shingles used throughout the body of the structure; Figure IV shows in front and en'd elevation a special form of shingle used along the lower edge Vof the shingle construction;` Figure V is a front elevation, to

larger scale showing a portion of the shingle structure applied to the wall of the building, and illustrating in dotted lines the overlapping of the shingles and the fastening means therefor; Figure VI isa cross sectional view taken on the line VI--VI of Figure V; and Figure VII is an isometric view of a corner member for use in conjunctionvwith the shingle elements of the structure.

Referring to the accompanying drawings the numeral l designates the foundation or lower portion of the wall of the building, 2 the shingles of the lowest course as laid to form the outer layer of the upper portion of such wall, 3 designates the shingles of all intermediate courses and 4 the shingles of the uppermost course.

As shown in Figure VI, the shingles 2 'of the lowest course are backed by plain shingle members 5 attached to the siding boards 6 of the wall by means of nails or screws 7. Each shingle 2 comprises a lower body portion 2a, an upper body portion 2b oiiset from the lower portion, and an angula'rly extending connecting portion 20 providing ashoulder 2d. In the forming of the shingle the upper le 2b is provided' with holes 8 for the passage o the nails or screws 7.- r

The intermediate shingles 3, which may. be considered the typical shingles of the structure, are shown in detail in Figure III. Itwill be noted that a shingle 3 is formed with an upper body portion 3b which lies substantially in the plane indicated by the broken line A. Offset bodily from the said upper portion and the plane Anis a lower body porf tion 3a, which lies substantially in the plane indicated by the broken line B.

An inclined web 3c integrally connects the two body -portionsof the shingle, and provides a shoulder Sdi It may be further noted that the outer surface 3p of the upper shingle portion and the inner surface 3m of the lower body portion are parallel, or lie in one vertical plane. The outer surface 3u of the lower `body portion of the shingle declines from the shoulder 3d and is not parallel to the inner surface 3mi This construction affords a greater thickness toward the lower edge of the shingle, and permits a shoulder 3m' to be inset from the inner surfacem, in such a manner as to afford a ange 3g.

, As shown in Figure VI of thedrawings the plain or straight sided backing piece 5 does not extend entirely up to the shoulder2d of each shingle 2 of the lowermost course, and thus leaves an air channel' or passage 9 between the shingle 2 and the siding boards 6 of the wall. When the shingles 2 of the lowermost course are attached to the wall, a row of the intermediate shingles 3 are applied thereto and are also attached to the siding. When so applied the lower body portion 3a of each shingle 3 overlaps the upper portion 2b of the adjacent shingle 2, and the inner surface of the shoulder 3m of the shingle 3 fits the outer surface of the connecting web 20 of the shingle 2, the flange 3g of the shingle 3 extending downwardly along the outer face' of the shingle 2. It will be noticed that the upper portion 2b of the shingle 2 is of lesser length than that portion 3a of the shingle 3 which lies above the shoulder 3x, so that an air space 9 is also provided adjacent the inclined connecting webs 3c of these shingles.

The'laying of all the courses of intermediate shingles is similar, the outer surface 3d of the inclined web of the shingle which has last been attached matching with the shoulder 3m of the shingle which overlaps it. It will be noticed that in these courses the air channels 9 are also provided, because of the fact that the upper portions 3b of these shingles are shorter than the lowerI body portions which extend upwardly of'the shoulders 3x.

The shingles 4 of the uppermostcourse are laid on the uppermost course of intermediate shingles 3, the shoulders 4e of these shingles matching the web surfaces Scl of the last row of intermediate shingles.

Each shingle et of the uppermost course corresponds substantially to the lower body portion of the shingle V3. That is, its outer face is angularly arranged so that it is of increasing thickness Adown to the shoulder 4c which has a sloping face 4f, and below this has a straight sided flange 4g. The nail or screw holes 8 are formed near the upper edge of the bodyof this shingle.

The corners of the wall structure are formedby-corner pieces of the saine material. These corner pieces 10 are provided with upper flanges 11 inset from the outer faces of the members, and with lower flanges 12 inset from their inner faces.` They may thus be overlapped throughout the height of the wall.

Because of the form of the shingles a smooth interengaging structure is obtained, with the flanges of each course extending below the shoudlers of the course which lie immediately beneath it. Because of such form, moreover, air spaces are provided to prevent sweating of the walls, and such extended overlapping and close engagement of the shingles is obtained as to prevent the entrance of moisture between the shingles.

The formation of the shingles 3 is considered to be of prime importance, and it is particularlytheir structure with' which we concern ourselves. As may be-realized from the illustration of the assembled shingles (shown in cross-section in Fig. VI) the lower body portions of an upper row of shingles overlie and cover the upper body portions of the row of shingles immediately lower. This is accomplished by offsetting the upper and lower body portions of the shingles, and in this respect alone the structure` is not deemedto be novel. However, it is to be noted that the lower body portions 3a of the shinglesV terminate in flanges 3g, which are in effect offset from the said lower body portions. That is, the upper body portion 3b of a shingle is offset from the lower body portion 3a, and the flange 3g is inledect offset therefrom.

Instead of forming an inclined connecting web, similar to the web 3Q, between the flange 3g and body portion 3a, we have found it advantageous to form the shingle with a plane surface 3a declined from the shoulder 3d, as illustrated. As a result, we have provided an additional moisture-excluding overlapping of the successive rows of shingles, and we have provided a shingle, which (when assembled upon the surface of a building) creates the desired appearance-the appearance of overlapping which the well known wooden shingles create when applied to a building.

What we claim is:

l. A shingle construction including an upper body portion offset bodily from a lower body portion and an inclined web integrally connecting the two body portions, and a flange adjacent the lower edge of the lower body portion, said flange having its outer surface in coincidence with the outer surface of said lower body portion and having its inner surface inset from the inner surface of said lower body portion, whereby, when the shingle is assembled vwith others, the flange overlaps the shingle immediately therebeneath downward from the connecting web of the two body portions of the last-mentioned shingle, with the inner surface of said flange lying upon the outer surface of the lower body portion of said last-mentioned shingle.

2. A shingle construction including an u-pper body portion odset bodily from a lower.

body portion and an inclined web integrally connecting the two bod portions, the outer surface of the upper bo y portion being parallel to the inner surface of the lower body portion and-the outer surface of the lower body portion being inclined to said last-mentioned surface, and a flange adjacent the lower edge of the lower body portion, said flange having its outer surface in coincidence with the outer surface of said lower body portion and having its inner surface inset from the inner surface of the lower body portion and parallel to the outer surface of the lower body portion, whereby, when the shingle is assembled with others, the flange overlaps the shingle immediately `therebeneath downward from the connecting web of the two body portions of the last-mentioned shingle, with the inner surface of said ange lying upon the outer surface of the lower body portion of said last-mentioned shingle.

In witness whereof, we hereunto set our.,-

hands.

HARRY E. PFAFF. ,l GEORGE E. BARNHARI. 

